Modern Indian History
Jallianwala Bagh massacre
1919 massacre of Indian protesters
Overview
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919. A large crowd had gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab, British India, during the annual Baisakhi fair to protest against the Rowlatt Act and the arrest of pro-Indian independence activists Saifuddin Kitchlew and Satyapal. In response to the public gathering, Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer surrounded the people with Gurkhas of Nepalese origin and Sikh infantrymen of the British Indian Army.
Source: Wikipedia — Jallianwala Bagh massacre (CC BY-SA)
Key concepts
How Jallianwala Bagh massacre connects to the ideas, people and events around it.
Jallianwala Bagh is a historic garden and memorial of national importance close to the Golden Temple complex in Amritsar, Punjab, India, preserved in the memory of those wounded and killed in the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre that took place on the site on the festival of Baisakhi Day, 13 April 1919.
Amritsar, also known as Ambarsar, is the second-largest city in the Indian state of Punjab, after Ludhiana. Located in the Majha region, it is a major cultural, transportation and economic centre.
The Punjab Province, officially the Province of Punjab, was a province of British Raj, with its capital in Lahore and summer capitals in Murree and Simla.
Vaisakhi, also known as Baisakhi or Mesadi or Basoa, marks the first day of the month of Vaisakh and is traditionally celebrated annually on 13 April or 14 April. It is seen as a spring harvest celebration primarily in Punjab and Northern India.
The Rowlatt Act, officially known by its parliamentary short title as the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act 1919, was an act passed by the Imperial Legislative Council in Delhi on 18 March 1919 to strong opposition of its Indian members, indefinitely extending the emergency measures of preventive indefinite detention, imprisonment without trial and judicial review enacted in the Defence of I
Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew was an Indian independence activist, barrister, politician and later a leader of the peace movement.
Satyapal also known as Dr Satya Pal was a physician and political leader in Punjab, British India, who was arrested along with Saifuddin Kitchlew on 10 April 1919, three days before the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
Brigadier (Brig) is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines. Brigadier is the superior rank to colonel and subordinate to major-general.
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What is Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919. A large crowd had gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab, British India, during the annual Baisakhi fair to protest against the Rowlatt Act and the arrest of pro-Indian independence activists Saifuddin Kitchlew and Satyapal.
What are the key concepts related to Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
The main concepts connected to Jallianwala Bagh massacre include Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab Province (British India), Vaisakhi, Rowlatt Act, Saifuddin Kitchlew, Satyapal, Brigadier (United Kingdom). Each is linked on the map above with its own summary.
Which exams cover Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
Jallianwala Bagh massacre is part of Modern Indian History, which appears in the syllabus of UPSC CSE, UPSC CAPF, NDA, CDS, AFCAT, SSC CGL and 48 more exams.